Menace Quantique : Ne faites PAS cette erreur avec votre Wallet !

The increasing quantum threat to the crypto ecosystem raises concerns about the safety of crypto wallets and their contents. This guide outlines four actions and solutions to minimize exposure and risks to portfolios from this threat. The first action involves optimizing the use of crypto wallet addresses. Not all wallet addresses offer the same level of security against quantum threats. A newly created, blank address is significantly more secure than an address that has already been used to send and receive funds. For example, Bitcoin uses the robust SH-256 encryption algorithm for new addresses, which, while not quantum-resistant, is stronger than CDSA, used for previously active addresses, which is vulnerable to quantum attacks. Therefore, for long-term storage, it is recommended to use a new address each time funds are deposited, rather than continuously reusing the same one. This practice also improves digital hygiene by limiting blockchain traces. Practically, if cryptocurrencies are stored on frequently used addresses, generating a new, empty address via the wallet and transferring funds to it will enhance security. Similarly, for transactions like sending funds to an exchange and then withdrawing them, a new address should be generated for the withdrawal, as the initial address, once used for sending, no longer maintains the same security level. The key takeaway is to always use a newly generated address for long-term cryptocurrency storage. Secondly, investors should consider a "selection filter" for their crypto projects. Some projects are inherently or partially quantum-resistant, or they include quantum resistance in their roadmap. Favoring these projects is advisable, as they have a higher chance of surviving a quantum attack compared to projects that disregard this threat. While it's not a directive to sell all non-quantum-resistant cryptocurrencies, as project viability is equally important, it encourages a reflective approach. Investors should prioritize projects that either offer native quantum resistance, with plans for future improvements as the quantum threat evolves, or projects like Ethereum and Bitcoin, which have development teams actively working on network-level updates for quantum protection. The third action focuses on crypto wallets, especially hardware wallets. Manufacturers of hardware wallets are taking the quantum threat seriously and are motivated to ensure their products are quantum-resistant. This action involves two steps. First, ensure that the firmware (software) of the hardware wallet and its connecting interface are up to date. Manufacturers will release updates to quantum-protect their devices at the chip level, making timely updates crucial. Second, and most importantly, verify that the hardware wallet model owned can receive these updates. Older models, such as the Ledger Nano S, may eventually lose the ability to update, rendering them vulnerable to quantum attacks. Therefore, even if an older hardware wallet functions well, it might be necessary to consider purchasing a newer model that supports quantum protection updates. While this can be inconvenient, protecting significant cryptocurrency holdings justifies the investment in a new device given the rapid evolution of technology and threats. Finally, the fourth point addresses the "not your key, not your coin" principle and introduces the potential role of centralized platforms. While owning private keys via hardware or hot wallets is generally recommended for security, centralized platforms and institutional investors are likely to invest heavily in creating quantum-resistant vaults. In specific scenarios, such as for individuals with outdated hardware wallets that cannot be updated, or those relying solely on hot wallets with uncertain update compatibility, storing a portion of cryptocurrencies on secure, compliant centralized platforms might be a viable solution against the quantum threat. This is not an endorsement to transfer all funds to centralized exchanges, but rather a consideration for those who might otherwise struggle to ensure their own quantum security. Diversification is key; ideally, investors should use hardware wallets from different brands (e.g., Ledger, Trezor, Coldcard), distribute funds across various hot wallets (e.g., Metamask, Rabby), and, in certain cases, consider secure centralized platforms. The quantum threat is not an end but a catalyst for evolution in the crypto ecosystem. Projects and investors that adapt will emerge stronger and more mature, while those that fail to do so may disappear. Simple actions, like using blank addresses, offer significant protection with minimal effort and cost. Staying informed and reacting quickly to developments is paramount.